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The power of disinformation in modern warfare

The first thing to say is that when we talk about threats now, they are coming in different forms. There is an invasion like Ukraine, but there's also disinformation and messing with an open society and democracy at that level. And then the last one is our systems resilience. When I was a lad and the miners went on strike, the electricity went off. Well, you put a blanket around the fish tank, but when it came back on everything started again. The modern world is not like that. So, tech has to be used for resilience. We have to make our systems resilient and stand up to things.

 Probably the most important new front of any conflict is this misinformation and manipulation of open democracy. The issue there is not quite understood. Sometimes we think that it's about truth in reporting. Our adversaries don't need to make us believe their lies. They just need to make us believe we can't believe anything. And then they’re in a very powerful position so there's a whole area there that we need to be thinking about.